![]() You must understand that, and when a sign selection is simply caused by the individual hand of the author, render it with the “standard” sign. That means, for instance, he will use V23A ( ) instead of (V22) which is the normal hieroglyphic sign. When your source is an handwritten version of a text, like in the Urkunden, beware of one point: unless a sign is very particular, an egyptologist will usually draw his glyphs in the easiest way. ![]() The problem you have when you want to be very accurate is that you will find many cases of variants which have no encoding anyway, and you take the chances to mislead your readers by giving a false impression of accuracy. As a rule, if you are a beginner in Egyptian, I'd advise you to encode the “standard” sign, as it will force you to read the text, not to copy signs. If you wonder whether it's a free play to add diversity to the text, then you may take the time to encode the variants. If you intend the text to be for grammatical study, it's not very relevant. For instance, in the Kanaïs texts by Sethi the Ist, the first person pronoun uses many variants of A40 ( ). Now, when you have a sign, should you look for the most precise variant for it, or use a somehow standardised one? To answer this, you should wonder if this variant is relevant, in the text, and in the use you intend to make of it. If the text is ultimately a hieratic text, you are already creating something completely different anyway. The first point is that you can be sure that your Manuel de Codage text can't be a facsimile, so, one way or another, it will betray the original. ![]() You must decide how faithfull to the original you must be, and it's not a simple question. Typically, you have a source, which might be a) a printed source, with typeset hieroglyphs, b) a photograph or an acurate facsimile of the original text, or c) handwritten hieroglyph from an egyptological publication (for instance, the Urkunden). Before describing the manuel de codage itself, I'd like to make a point or two about how one should encode a hieroglyphic text.
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